System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException was thrown. Additional exception information: The data is invalid.

Resolution :

Step 1:

C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14

On the 14 Properties dialog under the Security tab, select Edit.

Permissions for 14 dialog click Add… and enter the account you are using to install SharePoint example(yourdomain\username) and assign full control and Add-OK

Step 2:

Open regedit , Navigate to the following

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Shared Tools\Web Server Extensions\14.0\Secure\FarmAdmin

Delete     CredentialKeyDPEnt key

Try installing SharePoint once again

Reference :   http://iamsiva.com/2014/03/default